The motivation behind this comprehensive review paper is to accentuate the key characteristics and developments of gas tungsten arc (GTA) cladding of steel. Steel parts are often worn out due to different types of wear, such as abrasion, impact, or corrosion. Surface modification by TIG torch as heat source is commonly used to combat such issues and thereby prolong the service life. Several previous studies have led to this conclusion, the application of various powders reinforced on steel substrate by gas tungsten arc cladding is discussed. Incorporating ceramic/metallic powders into molten surface of substrate to generate a metal-matrix-composite (MMC). It is a commonly used technique all over the world. MMC has been formed to meet the requirements of particular applications.

Coating of surface is a cost-effective way to make materials, equipment, and machine components with desired surface characteristics including high hardness, resistance against erosion, wear and corrosion. To obtain the necessary characteristics, several coatings are employed. The surface characteristic of the AISI1045 steel is not optimum, despite its desired strength, resistance against wear, hardness or corrosion. Thermal spraying is currently a leading way in which materials are avoided for days to wear abrasively, corrosion at high temperatures, erosive wear and stress because of increased material life in use. Spraying using high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) is a kind of thermal spraying noted for its resistance against wear, micro-hardness and thick micro structured coatings. The aim of this review paper is to provide a state-of-the-art about the research done by various scholars to improve physical, mechanical, wear, erosion and corrosion characteristics of AISI 1045 by the application of different or combination of coating powders utilising the HVOF Spray method.

Ceramic and metals mixed phases are a category of materials known as cermet to produce materials that have the best characteristics of both such as high hardness, abrasion wear resistance, resistance to corrosion-erosion resistance and deformation resistance against high temperature. Several thermal spray procedures e.g., high velocity air or oxygen fuel, spraying by plasma, detonation gun, and other cladding techniques, such as laser cladding, Tungsten inert gas arc cladding, have been widely utilised for the cladding of cermet powders on steel in recent decades. Cermet-based coatings on steel have gained popularity in recent years as a potential approach for improving metallurgical, mechanical, corrosion, erosion, and wear properties. This paper summarises the research that has been done to create cermet coating on steel.

This paper gives the informative review and enlighten the important characteristics and development of different cladding techniques applied on AISI 1045 medium carbon steel substrate material. The paper focuses on the cladding methods used on AISI 1045 steel follows the way of surfacing via fusion. The cladding practice like wire feed, powder blown are taken into consideration. Different cladding methods such as Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Arc cladding, thermal spraying, laser cladding and electron beam cladding has been compared for better understanding. The application of various cladding powders by TIG cladding technique on AISI 1045 steel substrate material is presented by exhaustive critical review of various research papers of the era. The importance of TIG cladding process has been discussed.

When we talk about metal cutting or metal removal process, turning operation is found to be the most favorable because of the ease with which it can be performed, also it is economical and gives significant results. But even though every industry focuses on optimization of turning process by increasing the metal removal rate and decreasing the power consumption by decreasing the cutting forces. This is achieved by setting up the optimum control factors which are decided by a series of experiments performed by adjusting input parameters like feed, cut depth, and cutting speed. This paper is focused on optimizing the cutting force by varying feed, cutting depth & cutting speed at various levels in AISI 304 SS turning with cemented-carbide insert as cutting tool. The experiment was developed on the basis of Taguchi’s method of Design of Experiment which uses Taguchi’s L9 Analysis of S/N ratio & Orthogonal Array Technique is done to get a plot for optimized control factors. Later ANOVA analysis is done to find out the relation between cutting force and control factor which demonstrates the contribution of each factor of control towards the cutting force.